Mitigation of aflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum by commercial biocontrol products in farmers’ fields across Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Togo

Table 5 Frequencies of Aspergillus species/morphotype distribution in soil, groundnut, and maize samples collected from biocontrol-treated and untreated fields before product application and at harvest in three agroecological zones (AEZs) of Burkina Faso in 2012 and 2013

Year	AEZ^a	Province	Treatment	Aspergillus species/morphotype distribution (%)^b,c,d
				Maize								Groundnut
				Soil before inoculation				Grain at harvest				Soil before inoculation				Grain at harvest
				L	S	P	T	L	S	P	T	L	S	P	T	L	S	P	T
2012	NGS	Léo	Treated	100	0	0	0	96	4	0	0	99	1	0	0	87*	13	0	0
			Untreated	98	2	0	0	95	5	0	0	96	3	0	1	57	43*	0	0
		Dandé	Treated	100*	0	0	0	99*	1	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
			Untreated	93	0	3	4	78	16*	0	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	SGS	Niangoloko	Treated	97	3	0	0	100*	0	0	0	94	5	0	1	96*	3	0	1
			Untreated	94	6	0	0	59	41*	0	0	94	5	0	1	66	33*	0	1
	SS	Bogandé	Treated	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	100	0	0	0	88	12	0	0
			Untreated	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	100	0	0	0	87	13	0	0
2013	NGS	Léo	Treated	96	3	1	0	98*	1	0	1	94	4	0	2*	99	1	0	0
			Untreated	93	1	2	4	88	12*	0	0	92	5	3	0	99	1	0	0
		Dandé	Treated	93	2	1	4	99	1	0	0	100	0	0	0	100	0	0	0
			Untreated	93	1	3	3	99	1	0	0	97	0	3	0	97	3	0	0
	SGS	Niangoloko	Treated	92	4	0	4	94	1	0	5	96	2	1	1	99*	1	0	0
			Untreated	92	5	1	2	91	9	0	0	93	1	0	6	91	9*	0	0
	SS	Bogandé	Treated	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	100	0	0	0	100	0	0	0
			Untreated	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	100	0	0	0	99	1	0	0

^aNGS: Northern Guinea Savannah; SGS: Southern Guinea Savannah; SS: Sahel Savannah
^bL: Aspergillus flavus L morphotype; S: fungi with S morphology; P: A. parasiticus; T: A. tamarii
^cIn each region, species frequencies from treated samples with an asterisk (*) significantly differed from those found in its corresponding untreated fields by Student’s t-test (α = 0.05)
^dThe ‘–’ character indicates that evaluations were not conducted in the corresponding year, province, crop

ISSN: 2662-4044