Mitigation of aflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum by commercial biocontrol products in farmers’ fields across Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Togo

Table 4 Aflatoxin content in freshly harvested and poorly-stored maize and groundnut sampled from untreated and biocontrol-treated fields in three agroecological zones (AEZs) of Burkina Faso

Year	AEZ	Region	Crop	Treatment	N	Aflatoxin concentration (ppb)^a,b
						At harvest		After poor storage
						Mean	Red. (%)^c	Mean	Red. (%)^c
2012	NGS	Léo	Maize	Treated	11	3	–	11	94
				Untreated	11	3		173*
			Groundnut	Treated	15	3	96	19	87
				Untreated	15	88*		152*
		Dandé	Maize	Treated	4	0	100	139	80
				Untreated	4	30*		691*
			Groundnut	Treated	-	-	-	-	-
				Untreated	-	-		-
	SGS	Niangoloko	Maize	Treated	2	0	100	5	62
				Untreated	2	2		13
			Groundnut	Treated	16	9	74	8	90
				Untreated	16	33*		89*
	SS	Bogandé	Groundnut	Treated	14	0	100	24	78
				Untreated	14	30*		113*
2013	NGS	Léo	Maize	Treated	18	6	− 20	19	50
				Untreated	18	5		38
			Groundnut	Treated	24	354	71	124	90
				Untreated	24	1,211*		1,226*
		Dandé	Maize	Treated	17	4	20	10	57
				Untreated	17	5		23
			Groundnut	Treated	2	0	100	0	100
				Untreated	2	23*		5
	SGS	Niangoloko	Maize	Treated	5	3	75	8	83
				Untreated	5	12*		47*
			Groundnut	Treated	17	14	94	44	78
				Untreated	17	246*		200*
	SS	Bogandé	Groundnut	Treated	23	43	82	58	81
				Untreated	23	243*		299*

NGS: Northern Guinea Savannah; SGS: Southern Guinea Savannah; SS: Sahel Savannah
^aMean aflatoxin values in parts per billion (ppb) are the sum of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2
^bMeans of aflatoxin values were independently compared between treated and control samples by crop in each province, per year. Values with an asterisk (*) are significantly higher from its corresponding treatment by Student’s t-test (α = 0.05)
^cPercent reduction was calculated as follows: ([mean of untreated—mean of biocontrol treated]/mean of untreated) × 100

ISSN: 2662-4044