Fig. 7

Climate smart index (see Methods). Boxplots show the distribution across management-sites for baseline management and for the three interventions. Red plus signs indicate distributional outliers for the boxplots. The overplotted dots signify mean values across the management-sites for each of the five climate models (simulating RCP8.5 for 2050 conditions) identified in the Methods and also in the legend. CSI values closer to + 1 indicate higher rice water productivity and reduced CH4 intensity—or more “climate smart”—while values closer to − 1 indicate less climate smart (see Methods for more details)