The gendered nature of household decision making and expenditure choices in the context of smallholder agricultural commercialization in Malawi

Table 4 Drivers of crop commercialization

Dependent var: CCI	All HH in 2018 (Cross-section analysis)
	Model I
	dy/dx	SE
Log age of household head	− 0.183	(0.162)
Adult equivalents	− 0.105^***	(0.032)
Man headed household (0/1)	0.028	(0.037)
Men adults only (0/1)	− 0.009^*	(0.005)
Women adults only (0/1)	0.012^**	(0.005)
Log value of durable assets	0.156^***	(0.033)
Adequate food past month (0/1)	0.040^***	(0.011)
Total livestock units	0.009	(0.006)
Land size (ha)	− 0.004	(0.011)
Land productivity	0.275^***	(0.054)
Hired labor (0/1)	− 0.035^***	(0.010)
Purchased fertilizer (0/1)	− 0.032^*	(0.016)
Number of crops cultivated	0.122^***	(0.028)
Mchinji district (0/1)	0.012	(0.013)
Pseudo R-squared	0.084
Log likelihood	− 350.050
Chi-squared	110.775***
Number of observations	560

Model I presents cross-section fractional logit estimates of drivers of commercialization among sampled households in 2018. First, (0/1) indicates dichotomous variables for the stated category equal to 1, otherwise equal to 0 for the base category. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) is the ratio of the expressed category to the base category. IRR is incidence of count = exponential of intercept plus coefficient times the value of X. dy/dx = Average marginal effects. Standard errors in parentheses
^* p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01

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