Table 1 Description of variables used in models
Variables | Description |
|---|---|
CCI | Gross value of crop sales/gross value of crops produced * 100; takes values [0,1] |
Man-headed household | 1 if household head is a man, 0 otherwise |
Age of head | Age of household head in years |
Household size | Adult equivalents |
Education | Maximum years of schooling in a household |
Land holding | Total land holding size in hectares under crop cultivation by household |
(Log) Land productivity | Value of crop output per hectare |
Purchased commercial fertilizer | 1 if purchased commercial fertilizer, 0 otherwise |
Hired labor | 1 if hired agricultural labor, 0 otherwise |
Crop diversification | Number of crops cultivated |
Food security | 1 if household reported adequate food in the past month, 0 otherwise |
Livestock ownership | Total Livestock Units (TLU) |
Gender typologies | 1 if household has only men adults, 0 otherwise. 1 if household has only women adults, 0 otherwise. 1 if household has dual sex adults, zero otherwise (used as base category) |
Control of crop income | 1 if man head controls use of crop income, 0 otherwise. 1 if woman head controls income, 0 otherwise. 1 if joint control of income, 0 otherwise (used as base category) |
Plot manager | 1 if man head is plot manager, 0 otherwise. I if woman head is plot manager, 0 otherwise. 1 if joint plot management, 0 otherwise (used as base category) |
Asset holding | (log) value of durable assets (Malawi Kwacha) Asset index generated by principal component analysis |
Expenditure | D = 1 if expenditure is on food, health, education, farm inputs, communication, transport, and assets, 0 otherwise |
District | 1 if Mchinji district, 0 otherwise. 1 if Ntchisi district, 0 otherwise (used as base category) |