Table 3 Pesticides used for FAW control (%)
Trade name(s) | Active ingredients | WHO toxicity class* | 2018 (n = 256) | 2020 (n = 237) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Buffalo Supa or Golan | Acetamiprid | II | 0.00 | 2.11 |
Viper 46 EC | Acetamiprid + Indoxacarb | II + II | 1.17 | 0.00 |
Stricker Super | Acetamiprid + Emamectin−Benzoate | II + II | 0.00 | 2.11 |
Neemazal | Azadirachtin | N | 0.00 | 0.42 |
Agoo | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) + Monosultap | III + N | 25.00 | 19.41 |
Acetastar | Bifenthrin + Acetamiprid | II + II | 0.39 | 0.00 |
Bypel | Bt + Pieris rapae granulosis virus | III + N | 7.03 | 12.66 |
Klopar | Chlorfenapyr | II | 0.39 | 0.00 |
Dursban or Sunpyrifos | Chlorpyrifos−ethyl | II | 5.86 | 4.22 |
KD 215EC | Chlorpyrifos + Lambda-cyhalothrin | II + II | 1.56 | 0.00 |
Pyrinex | Chlorpyrifos + Deltamethrin | II + II | 0.78 | 0.00 |
Cydim Super or Cymethoate Super | Dimethoate + Cypermethrin | II + II | 0.39 | 0.42 |
Attack or Ataka Super | Emamectin Benzoate | II | 15.23 | 13.92 |
Emastar | Emamectin Benzoate + Acetamiprid | II + II | 9.77 | 16.46 |
Altimec Super | Emamectin Benzoate + Cypermethrin | II + II | 0.00 | 1.27 |
Dean | Emamectin Benzoate + Imidacloprid | II + II | 1.95 | 0.84 |
Adepa | Ethyl palmitate | N | 8.98 | 7.17 |
Belt Expert | Flubendiamide + Thiacloprid | II + II | 0.00 | 0.42 |
Confidor | Imidacloprid | II | 2.34 | 0.00 |
Karate, Lambda or Pawa | Lambda−cyhalothrin | II | 11.33 | 1.27 |
Eforia 45 ZC | Lambda−cyhalothrin + Thiamethoxam | II + II | 3.91 | 1.69 |
K-Optimal | Lambda−cyhalothrin + Acetamiprid | II + II | 10.55 | 5.91 |
Eradicoat T | Maltodextrin | III | 3.91 | 10.55 |
Actelic Super | Pirimiphos−methyl | II | 0.00 | 0.42 |
Agroblaster | Pyrethrins | II | 0.00 | 2.95 |
Warrior Super | Sophora flavescent plant extract + Emamectin−Benzoate | N + II | 0.00 | 10.13 |